Importance Of Physical Fitness In Life Essays - Physical Exercise

Significance Of Physical Fitness In Life Essays - Physical Exercise Significance Of Physical Fitness In Life On the off chance that a reasonable man is asked to answer the inquiry regarding what he likes, wellbeing or riches, normally he will reply absent a lot of wavering 'Wellbeing' since riches without a decent wellbeing gets futile. The westerners give more consideration to their wellbeing than the individuals of the orient. In bBritain they have the Central COuncil of Physical Recreation, the Scottish Council of Physical Recreation, the National Playing Fields Association. THe capacity of these different bodies is to keep the country fit, physcially as well as. In current instruction, physcial training and preparing structures some portion of the educational program. In singapore schools, physical preparing is bestowed to the youthful with the view to keep the youthful fit so the future residents of the nation will be solid. Just by getting a charge out of good wellbeing would we be able to consider appreciating riches. Physical wellness is an absolute necessity to both the youthful and old. THe best an ideal opportunity to have practice is promptly in the first part of the day and late at night. In the event that we can't have an exhausting activity, it is smarter to have at any rate a free hand practice day by day. In som nations like India and Britain, the yoga practices are drilled by certain individuals. It is said that the best type of physical exercise is to remain on one's head. Investigations have demonstrated that this activity empowers the man to get the necessary developments of the internal just as external organs and the outcome is man is likewise made intellectually alert. Individuals who don't take customary physical exercise are the ones who effectively become sick. The illnesses, for example, diabetis and stiffness can be forestalled on the off chance that we take normal physical activities. A body without exercise can be contrasted with a machine that is kept latent. Latency will prompt the machine getting corroded and over the long haul getting ueseless, so likewise is it the case with human body. The Japanses are a jealousy to the remainder of the world. From an exceptionally youthful age the offspring of Japan are prepared in Physcial wellness and the outcome is enormous. Japan has probably the most advantageous populace on the planet and the death rate in Jpaan is low. Obviously, physcial wellness is basic evn among ladies and a considerable lot of them don't appear to understand the significance of this. It is a habit to be so.

Analysis case about death Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Examination case about death - Essay Example Betty’s expectation is for Polly to take the happiness tablets and fantasize then hurt herself by falling over or something comparative. In this way, there is explicit expectation of causing hurt legitimately or in a roundabout way. Past having the general aim to carry out a wrongdoing, Betty had the purpose to accomplish a particular objective, which was to have Polly harmed herself. Actus reus is the physical part of a wrongdoing and is the consequence of deliberate body developments. This is the thing that the blamed genuinely does that hurts another. Considering the present situation, actus reus was released quickly Betty did effectively place the joy tablets into a paracetemol bubble pack which Chloe accidentally took. The wrongdoing had been empowered; the main thing anticipating was somebody getting injured. It is insignificant that the focused on Polly didn't hurt herself by falling over or kick the bucket. This guideline is known as moved malignance; a similar vindictiveness that was to harmed Polly was the one that executed Chloe. In R v Latimer (1886) 17 QBD 359, where the realities are significantly comparable, the charged hit a blow with his belt at Horace which withdrew off him and harmed an honest spectator. The respondent was sentenced for malignantly injuring the person in question, which he bid on the ground that it was not his goal to hurt her. The court held that the conviction would be attested. The respondent had submitted the actus reus of the offense with the essential mens rea; that is, he had acted vindictively. There was no necessity in the applicable demonstration that his mens rea ought to identify with a named casualty. In this way, Latimers malignance was moved from his planned to his unintended casualty. Subsequently, given the realities of this case, Betty can't get away from obligation since her aim was to have Polly harmed rather than Chloe who wound up passing on. Be that as it may, since her goal was not to execute Chloe, the charges can be diminished from murder to homicide. Polly won't be criminally

The 3 Factors of Reciprocal Determinism

The 3 Factors of Reciprocal Determinism Theories Social Psychology Print What Is Reciprocal Determinism? This theory explores the role our behavior plays in our environment By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on December 21, 2018 Rubberball/Nicole Hill / Getty Images More in Theories Social Psychology Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology According to psychologist Albert Bandura, reciprocal determinism is a model composed of three factors that influence behavior: the environment, the individual, and the behavior itself. According to this theory, an individuals behavior influences and is influenced by both the social world and personal characteristics. This model suggests that these three components are continually interacting with one another. Just as the environment exerts an influence on individual behavior, a persons actions also play a part in influencing the environment. Earlier thought often portrayed children as simply passive recipients of environmental influences, which suggested that they could simply be shaped and molded in whatever way that parents, educators, and other caregivers chose. Reciprocal determinism instead suggested that children play a much more active and interactive role. They do not simply react as a result of learned associations or reinforcements - their own personal characteristics, thoughts, feelings, and behaviors impact how they interact with the world. Behavior Component Reciprocal determinism is the idea that behavior is controlled or determined by the individual, through cognitive processes, and by the environment, through external social stimulus events. So in the case of our troubled student, his dislike of school is being reinforced (and perhaps magnified) by the actions of his teachers and classmates, which hes perpetuating by continuing to act out. For Example: A child who doesnt like school may act out in class, resulting in negative attention from classmates and teachers. The teachers are forced to alter the school environment for this child (and theoretically others like him). Environmental Component The environmental component is made up of the physical surroundings around the individual that contain potentially reinforcing stimuli, including people who are present (or absent). The environment influences the intensity and frequency of the behavior, just as the behavior itself can have an impact on the environment. For Example: So if our student gets yelled at by a teacher for talking in class, it not only has an effect on him but on the classroom environment for the rest of the students, not to mention the teacher. Individual Component The individual component includes all the characteristics that have been rewarded in the past. Personality and cognitive factors play an important part in how a person behaves, including all of the individuals expectations, beliefs, and unique personality characteristics. If our student knows that the teacher is more likely to give him something he wants if he waits until close to the end of the school day to act out, obviously hell tailor his behavior. For Example: So all the factors in our troubled student example affect each other: the child doesnt like school, he acts out, his teachers and classmates react to his behavior, reinforcing his dislike of school and creating a hostile environment. The behavior itself is something that may or may not be reinforced at any given time or situation. Another Example Of course, the situation doesnt have to be a negative one. If our student is a shy girl who usually keeps to herself (the individual/cognitive component), and enters a room on the first day of class to find that all of the other students are already present (the environment), she might try to slip into the back of the class to avoid becoming the center of attention (the behavioral component). But if another student at the front of the room boisterously greets our shy girl and invites her to sit down in an adjacent seat, the environment has introduced a new reinforcing stimulus (the friendly student) that could lead to a change in our shy girls normal routine and a change in her behavior. A Word From Verywell Banduras theory represented an important shift from the behavioral perspective to a more social-cognitive approach to understanding behavior. While the behaviorists suggested that it was the environment that almost entirely shaped individual behavior, Bandura recognized the importance of the bidirectional relationship between individuals, their behaviors, and the environment. This suggests that while people are certainly affected by the things they experience in their environment, they also have the power to exert a change on their situation and circumstances through their own choices and behaviors.

Theories Of Developmental Psychology Attachment Theory

Describe and evaluate two theories in developmental psychology Attachment theory, it refers to an affectionate bond. â€Å"A relatively extended and enduring connection with the partner is important as a unique individual is interchangeable with no other† Ainsworth (1989) cited in Gross (2003) hand out in class (03/06/2013).The aim of this attachment is for the infant to remain in close proximity to the attachment figure as she is considered the secure base and the infant would become distressed on separation. Proximity gives the feeling of closeness, relief and of being safe and that sustenance can be provided. Attachment behaviour is promoted by social releases for example; a baby crying; cooing, winning, these are all necessary instincts for survival. This type of attachment is innate and involves both the infant and care giver. The infant would also have a tendency to attach to a single person as a secure base this is known as monotony. This was expressed by Bowlby who was influenced by Lorenz’s work. A concept named by J.Bowlby describing the phenomenon in which a mother appears to be able to bond with only one infant at a time. The concept used by Marshall Klaus and John Kennel in their studies of maternal bonding in mothers of twins. When one twin is taken home from the hospital earlier than the other, the mother often reports that she doesn’t feel that the baby discharged later is hers. The second baby to reach home is more likely to fail to thrive or to be neglected orShow MoreRelatedAttachment Theory For Understanding Risk And Protection Factors Within Developmental P sychology1940 Words   |  8 PagesThis essay will comprises, firstly, on past research looking into what attachment/ attachment theory is, focusing on Bowlby’s (DATE) research into why an infant’s first attachment is so important. Followed, by the work of Ainsworth et al (1978) bringing to light the findings from the strange situation, and how the research can explain mental illness. From this and in-depth discussion looking at how the previously discussed pieces of research have an effect on two particular disorders, depressionRead MoreAttachment Theory For Understanding Risk And Protection Factors Within Developmental Psychology1988 Words   |  8 PagesThis essay will comprise, firstly, on past research looking into what attachment/ attachment theory is, focusing on Bowlby’s (DATE) research into why an infant’s first attachment is so important. Followed, by the work of Ainsworth et al (1978) bringing to light the findings from the strange situation, and how the research can explain mental illness. From this and in-depth discussion looking at how the previously discussed pieces of research have an effect on two particular disorders, depression andRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory And Theory908 Words   |  4 PagesBoth Erik Erikson’s theory and Mary Ainsworth and John Bowlby theory support the idea that early life experiences impact the person across their lifespan. Erikson’s developmental theory discusses the eight stages of life and the forces and values that arise at each stage, which should be developed within this frame. The attachment theory focuses on the interaction an individual has and the impact it may have on their psychological and social development. Both theories believe that personality beginsRead MoreThe Theory Of Developmental Psychology1644 Words   |  7 Pages Developmental Psychology 2 Abstract Developmental Psychology is a scientific study that shows psychological changes in human being to birth to adulthood. It was first made to help infants and children, but now it has expanded to help the adolescence and adults just as well. Paul B. Baltes, has apply the six principles of human development, lifelong, multidimensional, multidirectional, gains and losses, contextualRead MoreWomen s Influence On The Field Of Psychology864 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the early days of psychology, opportunities for women where limited and it was an extremely difficult time for women to become apparent in the field of psychology. Women struggled for equality in the field of psychology and this began with our pioneers, Mary Whiton Calkins, who sat her PhD but was never awarded it, Margaret Washburn, being the first women to be awarded a PhD and Christine Ladd Franklin. Since these women made their breakthrough there has been more and more women contributingRead MoreEarly Infant Attachment And Subsequent Development1005 Words   |  5 PagesAnalyze the research on early infant attachment and subsequent development. The infant-caregiver relationship is vastly important to the proper and healthy development of an infant and throughout the duration of the infant’s life. However, the types of relationships attained through attachments as well as socialization goals vary across cultures (Gross, 2011).Secure infant attachments are however, extremely important to overall healthy psychosocial development and prosocial behavior and can be analyzedRead MoreMotor Coordination And Emotional Behavioral Problems782 Words   |  4 Pages Developmental Psychology Name: Institution: Developmental Psychology Cairney, J., Veldhuizen, S., Szatmari, P. (2010). Motor coordination and emotional-behavioral problems in children. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 23(4), 324-329. The authors did not conduct any primary research but relied on literature review of other peer-reviewed journal articles. The relevance of this article to the research is that it has a focus on the attachment theory and discusses the significance of emotionallyRead MoreMy Point Of View Attachment Theory1033 Words   |  5 PagesMain Post Attachment theory is defined as the characters associated with the long term associated of human beings. From my point of view attachment is a lasting, secure and positive bond between a child and a caregiver, a reciprocal relationship. John Bowlby who used his knowledge in developmental psychology, psychoanalysis, ethology, and data processing to base his principle of the theory developed attachment theory. John Bowlby believed that attachment theory was on of the four essential behavioralRead MoreEffects Of Maternal Separation On Children s Development1397 Words   |  6 Pagesthe effects that maternal separation had on the child’s development. The hypothesis they formed based off their observations became known as the attachment theory. The attachment theory came about on the core principle that â€Å"children brought up with consistent, loving parents or significant, reliable caregivers can develop a foundation of trust and attachment and can grow up to be well-adjusted adults who are capable of forming trusting and loving relationships.† (Bigner, 2014, p. 50-51) However, ifRead MoreInfant Attachment Styles and General Anxiety Disorder in Adults1373 Words   |  6 PagesInfant Attachment styles and general anxiety disorder in adults Purpose The purpose of this study is to look at the relationship between infant attachment styles and psychological wellbeing, with general anxiety as a measure of psychological wellbeing. This study will use an adult sample that will go through psychological tests to determine what attachment style each individual had when they were infants. After establishing their attachment styles their general anxiety levels will be tested

Public Libraries Should Not Block Internet Pornography

Since the internet has been available in schools and libraries in this country, there has been a debate about what should be accessible to users, especially minors. The amount of information disseminated on the world wide web is vast, with some sources valuable for scholarly and personal research and entertainment, and some sources that contain material that is objectionable to some (ie. pornography, gambling, hate groups sites, violent materials). Some information potentially accessible on the internet such as child pornography and obscenity is strictly illegal and is not protected under the First Amendment. Some information available on the internet that may be valuable to some is at the same time perceived to be worthless or†¦show more content†¦Plaintiffs claimed that constitutionally protected materials were wrongly blocked and that the Loudoun Policy violated their First Amendment rights. The court agreed and found the Loudoun Policy of filtering for all patrons un constitutional. The court held that there were less restrictive means available to achieve the privacy level demanded by the Loudoun County community than interfering with free speech. Less restrictive, in the court’s opinion, were privacy screens for computer monitors and a certain degree of physical monitoring by library staff. Congress made an attempt to place content-based restrictions on school and public library internet use in the Children’s Internet Protection Act (CIPA) of 2000. This act requires the use of some type of internet filtering software for all public libraries that attain funds from the Federal government (in the form of E-rate discounts or Library Services and Technology Act grants). Should a library refuse to comply with CIPA guidelines, that library would have to maintain its technological services without the government discount or LSTA grants. Holding to the CIPA guidelines, both the E-rate and LSTA stipulate that filters may be disabled or ‘legitimate’ sites unblocked by adults who request it, but it is unclear â€Å"whether libraries ‘must’ provide for such disabling† (Anten 79). After CIPA was passed, it was immediately challenged by theShow MoreRelated Internet Censorship Essay802 Words   |  4 PagesInternet Censorship Internet Censorship. What does this mean to us? What is restricted? Censorship is summarily defined as the suppression of objectionable material. That means that material such as pornography, militant information, offensive language, anti-religion, and racism would be restricted in use. Freedom would not only be restricted to material placed on the web, but also what you could access, and where you could explore. Should the right of Freedom of Speech be taken away fromRead MoreEssay on The Pornography Debate809 Words   |  4 PagesThe Pornography Debate Pornography has been the topic of discussion in the court systems for years. Many would like to see legislation against it and software to filter it. The problem is its not that easy and making laws against it would pose a problem against the first amendment. There have many issues brought up on the grounds that it is demoralizing to women and is filth for the eyes of children. But, is pornography really that harmful? There are many reasons why the government is havingRead MoreEssay on Filters Are Needed to Protect Children From the Internet1924 Words   |  8 Pages      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   You can no more leave your children to explore the internet than you can leave them alone in Times Square in New York, states Lee Munsil, the executive director of the National Family Legal Foundation (Internet Regulation).   This analogy between the Internet and Times Square is indeed quite accurate.   The Internet has a plethora of information and resources, however for children especially it can be quite dangerous if not monitored properly.   Most parentsRead MoreCensorship Is Not Limited Repressive Regimes Or Network Television?1522 Words   |  7 Pagesmusic and as students we see the internet being heavily censored in school. The Children’s Internet Protection Act (CIPA) was signed into law in 2000; the law requires any public schools or library to filter any inappropriate content from the computers being used by minors. Since the law has been put in place, schools across America have installed programs that use keywords to designate certain types of websites off-limits to students while using the schools internet server. The problem with theseRead More Internet Censorship Essay - Censoring the Internet740 Words   |  3 PagesCensoring the Internet      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From music to television, censorship has played a major role in how the public is exposed to certain material. Now that our world is entering into a new technology era, the Internet is now in the middle of the censorship issue. Internet access is now one of the fastest ways to communicate with others, obtain information on virtually anything, and purchase items without having to leave your home. As more and more people get connected to this cyber superhighway,Read MoreLibrarians And Their Subtle Protection Of Children From The Internet1743 Words   |  7 PagesLibrarians and their Subtle Protection of Children from the Internet Freedom of speech and access to information within our public libraries is protected by the bill of rights of many national and international human rights organizations. These freedoms are specifically protected within our First Amendment rights in the United States Constitution and by the American Library Association’s Bill of Rights. It is written by both that all citizens should have the freedom to write, publish, and read what theyRead More Internet Censorship Libraries Essay2768 Words   |  12 Pagesare in a dilemma, should they filter what information is available to its visitors via the Internet? This scenario is being debated all across the United States. Many states are arguing over whether or not the library has the authority to limit what information is accessible via the Internet computers at the library. The argument is over the First Amendment right of Free Speech. There are family groups who are actually in favor of allowing unfiltered access on the In ternet, not what one wouldRead MoreEssay on Censorship in Libraries and Schools1074 Words   |  5 PagesCensorship in Libraries and Schools What would you do if you went to your childs school and saw that they were looking at inappropriate material on the internet? Would you react the same way if they were in a public library? Who decides what is okay for your children to view? Who decides where they can view it? What can you do about them being able to view these things? Are there any laws that can prevent this from happening? What are some schools and libraries doing to help prevent childrenRead More Blocking Filtering Essay1631 Words   |  7 Pagesof the Internet, no matter how benign the purpose, could burn the global village to roast the pig.quot; U.S. Supreme Court majority decision, Reno v. ACLU (June 26, 1997) Blocking and filtering software for the Internet is one of the most hotly debated topics regarding free speech and the Internet. Many have criticized blocking software for being both under and over inclusive, and others have argued that blocking software should not be used at all in public institutions such as libraries and schoolsRead MoreSecurity Issues And Best Practices For Securing Public Access Computers1454 Words   |  6 Pages Security Issues and Best Practices for Securing Public-Access Computers Jodi Herman Davenport University IAAS481 Information Security and Assurance John Wilson, Instructor October 1, 2016 â€Æ' When businesses provide computers for public use, several challenges are presented. In addition to allowing the general public this service, and ultimately growing their market share, a business must define the line between appropriate use and securing the network. The easiest and probably the most common

Deception Point Page 60 Free Essays

â€Å"Ms. Tench?† the transparent voice on the line said. â€Å"William Pickering, here. We will write a custom essay sample on Deception Point Page 60 or any similar topic only for you Order Now To what do I owe this honor?† Tench could hear the television in the background-NASA commentary. She could already sense in his tone that he was still reeling from the press conference. â€Å"Do you have a minute, director?† â€Å"I expected you’d be busy celebrating. Quite a night for you. Looks like NASA and the President are back in the fight.† Tench heard stark amazement in his voice, combined with a tinge of acrimony-the latter no doubt on account of the man’s legendary distaste for hearing breaking news at the same time as the rest of the world. â€Å"I apologize,† Tench said, trying to build an immediate bridge, â€Å"that the White House and NASA were forced to keep you unapprised.† â€Å"You are aware,† Pickering said, â€Å"that the NRO detected NASA activity up there a couple weeks ago and ran an inquiry.† Tench frowned. He’s pissed. â€Å"Yes, I know. And yet-â€Å" â€Å"NASA told us it was nothing. They said they were running some kind of extreme environment training exercises. Testing equipment, that sort of thing.† Pickering paused. â€Å"We bought the lie.† â€Å"Let’s not call it a lie,† Tench said. â€Å"More of a necessary misdirection. Considering the magnitude of the discovery, I trust you understand NASA’s need to keep this quiet.† â€Å"From the public, perhaps.† Pouting was not in the repertoire of men like William Pickering, and Tench sensed this was as close as he would get. â€Å"I only have a minute,† Tench said, working to retain her dominant position, â€Å"but I thought I should call and warn you.† â€Å"Warn me?† Pickering waxed wry momentarily. â€Å"Has Zach Herney decided to appoint a new, NASA-friendly NRO director?† â€Å"Of course not. The President understands your criticisms of NASA are simply issues of security, and he is working to plug those holes. I’m actually calling about one of your employees.† She paused. â€Å"Rachel Sexton. Have you heard from her this evening?† â€Å"No. I sent her to the White House this morning at the President’s request. You’ve obviously kept her busy. She has yet to check in.† Tench was relieved to have gotten to Pickering first. She took a drag on her cigarette and spoke as calmly as possible. â€Å"I suspect you may be getting a call from Ms. Sexton sometime soon.† â€Å"Good. I’ve been expecting one. I’ve got to tell you, when the President’s press conference began, I was concerned Zach Herney might have convinced Ms. Sexton to participate publicly. I’m pleased to see he resisted.† â€Å"Zach Herney is a decent person,† Tench said, â€Å"which is more than I can say for Rachel Sexton.† There was a long pause on the line. â€Å"I hope I misunderstood that.† Tench sighed heavily. â€Å"No, sir, I’m afraid you did not. I’d prefer not to talk specifics on the phone, but Rachel Sexton, it seems, has decided she wants to undermine the credibility of this NASA announcement. I have no idea why, but after she reviewed and endorsed NASA’s data earlier this afternoon, she has suddenly pulled an about-face and is spouting some of the most improbable allegations imaginable of NASA treachery and fraud.† Pickering sounded intense now. â€Å"Excuse me?† â€Å"Troubling, yes. I hate to be the one to tell you this, but Ms. Sexton contacted me two minutes before the press conference and warned me to cancel the whole thing.† â€Å"On what grounds?† â€Å"Absurd ones, frankly. She said she’d found serious flaws in the data.† Pickering’s long silence was more wary than Tench would have liked. â€Å"Flaws?† he finally said. â€Å"Ridiculous, really, after two full weeks of NASA experimentation and-â€Å" â€Å"I find it very hard to believe someone like Rachel Sexton would have told you to postpone the President’s press conference unless she had a damn good reason.† Pickering sounded troubled. â€Å"Maybe you should have listened to her.† â€Å"Oh, please!† Tench blurted, coughing. â€Å"You saw the press conference. The meteorite data was confirmed and reconfirmed by countless specialists. Including civilians. Doesn’t it seem suspicious to you that Rachel Sexton-the daughter of the only man whom this announcement hurts-is suddenly changing her tune?† â€Å"It seems suspicious, Ms. Tench, only because I happen to know that Ms. Sexton and her father are barely civil to one another. I cannot imagine why Rachel Sexton would, after years of service to the President, suddenly decide to switch camps and tell lies to support her father.† â€Å"Ambition, perhaps? I really don’t know. Maybe the opportunity to be first daughter†¦ † Tench let it hang. Pickering’s tone hardened instantly. â€Å"Thin ice, Ms. Tench. Very thin.† Tench scowled. What the hell did she expect? She was accusing a prominent member of Pickering’s staff of treason against the President. The man was going to be defensive. â€Å"Put her on,† Pickering demanded. â€Å"I’d like to speak to Ms. Sexton myself.† â€Å"I’m afraid that’s impossible,† Tench replied. â€Å"She’s not at the White House.† â€Å"Where is she?† â€Å"The President sent her to Milne this morning to examine the data firsthand. She has yet to return.† Pickering sounded livid now. â€Å"I was never informed-â€Å" â€Å"I do not have time for hurt pride, director. I have simply called as a courtesy. I wanted to warn you that Rachel Sexton has decided to pursue her own agenda with respect to tonight’s announcement. She will be looking for allies. If she contacts you, you would be wise to know that the White House is in possession of a video taken earlier today in which she endorsed this meteorite data in its entirety in front of the President, his cabinet, and his entire staff. If now, for whatever motives she might have, Rachel Sexton attempts to besmirch the good name of Zach Herney or of NASA, then I swear to you the White House will see to it she falls hard and far.† Tench waited a moment, to be sure her meaning had settled in. â€Å"I expect you to repay the courtesy of this call by informing me immediately if Rachel Sexton contacts you. She is attacking the President directly, and the White House intends to detain her for questioning before she does any serious damage. I wi ll be waiting for your call, director. That’s all. Good night.† Marjorie Tench hung up, certain that William Pickering had never been talked to like that in his life. At least now he knew she was serious. On the top floor of the NRO, William Pickering stood at his window and stared into the Virginia night. The call from Marjorie Tench had been deeply troubling. He chewed at his lip as he tried to assemble the pieces in his mind. â€Å"Director?† his secretary said, knocking quietly. â€Å"You have another phone call.† â€Å"Not now,† Pickering said absently. â€Å"It’s Rachel Sexton.† Pickering wheeled. Tench was apparently a fortune-teller. â€Å"Okay. Patch her through, right away.† â€Å"Actually, sir, it’s an encrypted AV stream. Do you want to take it in the conference room?† An AV stream? â€Å"Where is she calling from?† The secretary told him. Pickering stared. Bewildered, he hurried down the hall toward the conference room. This was something he had to see. 70 The Charlotte’s â€Å"dead room†-designed after a similar structure at Bell Laboratories-was what was formally known as an anechoic chamber. An acoustical clean room containing no parallel or reflective surfaces, it absorbed sound with 99.4 percent efficiency. Because of the acoustically conductive nature of metal and water, conversations onboard submarines were always vulnerable to interception by nearby eavesdroppers or parasitic suction mics attached to the outer hull. The dead room was, in effect, a tiny chamber inside the submarine from which absolutely no sound could escape. All conversations inside this insulated box were entirely secure. How to cite Deception Point Page 60, Essay examples

Artificial Intellegence Identification And Descri Essay Example For Students

Artificial Intellegence: Identification And Descri Essay ption Of The Issue Artificial Intellegence: Identification And Descri Essayption Of The Issue Over the years people have been wanting robots to become more Intelligent. In the past 50 years since computers have been around, the computer world has grown like you wouldnt believe. Robots have now been given jobs that were 15 years ago no considered to be a robots job. Robots are now part of the huge American government Agency the FBI. They are used to disarm bombs and remove dangerous products from a site without putting human life in danger. You probably dont think that when you are in a carwash that a robotic machine is cleaning your car. The truth is that they are. The robot is uses senses to tell the main computer what temperature the water should be and what style of wash the car is getting e.g. Supreme or Normal wash. Computer robots are being made, that learn from their mistakes. Computers are now creating their own programs. In the past there used to be some problems, now they are pretty much full proof. The Television and Film business has to keep up with the demands from the critics sitting back at home, they try and think of new ideas and ways in which to entertain the audiences. They have found that robotics interests people. With that have made many movies about robotics (e.g. Terminator, Star Wars, Jurassic Park ). Movie characters like the terminator would walk, talk and do actions by its self mimicking a human through the use of Artificial Intelligence. Movies and Television robots dont have Artificial Intelligence ( AI ) but are made to look like they do. This gives us the viewers a reality of robotics with AI. Understanding Of The IT Background Of The Issue Artificial Intelligence means Behavior performed by a machine that would require some degree of intelligence if carried out by a human . The Carwash machine has some intelligence which enables it to tell the precise temperature of the water it is spraying onto your car. If the water is to hot it could damage the paint work or even make the rubber seals on the car looser. The definition above shows that AI is present in everyday life surrounding humans where ever they go. Alan Turing Invented a way in which to test AI. This test is called the Turing Test. A computer asks a human various questions. Those conducting the test have to decide whether the human or the computer is asking the questions. Analysis Of The Impact Of The Issue With the increasing amount of robots with AI in the work place and in everyday life, it is making human jobs insecure for now and in the future. If we take a look at all the major car factories 70 years ago they were all hand crafted and machinery was used very little. Today we see companies like TOYOTA who produce mass amounts of cars with robots as the workers. This shows that human workmanship is required less and less needed. This is bad for the workers because they will then have no jobs and will be on the unemployment benefit or trying to find a new job. The advantage of robots is that they dont need a coffee break or need to have time of work. The company owns the machinery and therefore they have control over the robot. Solutions To Problems Arising From The Issue Some problems arising from the issue would include job loss, due to robots taking the place of humans in the work place. This could be resolved by educating the workers to do other necessary jobs in the production line. Many of the workers will still keep their other jobs that machines cant do. If robots became to intelligent this could be a huge disaster for human kind. We might end up being second best to robots. House Cats Essay They would have the power to do anything and could eliminate humans from the planet especially if they are able to programme themselves without human help. I think the chance of this happening is slim but it is a possibility. Category: Technology .

Negligent Hiring/Retention Essays - Employment, Labour Law

Negligent Hiring/Retention Human resources professionals have been breathing a bit easier because of the retrenchment in the "At-Will" Employment Doctrine.(1) The repreive was short lived, however, as a relatively new employee relations law scourge has surfaced- The Tort doctrine of negligent hiring/retention.(2) Although this theory is not new, it's prominenece is growing. This added cause of action in tort law is resulting in increased employer liability and risk. Often, Court award outcomes in these cases are in the hundreds of thousands of dollars, and more, and are likely to be upheld on appeal. The limitations placed on human resources professionals and employers relating to preemployment inquiries make an interesting contrast to the negligent hiring dogma. Discrimination law, such as title VII of the civil rights act of 1964, as written and/or interpreted by the courts, proscribes many inquiries that have a negative employment-related impact on protected classes of people. Plaintiffs also are asking the courts to curb employer access to employee records and other personal information under the right to privacy arguement, a constitutional arguement employing fourth amendment illegal search and siezure guarantees. Human resources managers can be heard in corporate hallways mumbling about these apparent conflicts and incongriuties in common law and government mandate. Historically, If a worker commited a negligent act, a plaintiff often would sue his or her employer under the theory of Respondeat Superior, or let the master respond. (3) This doctrine holds the employer liable for his or her employees' negligent, on the job actions and does not depend in any way on the fault of the employer. (4) Common law held that employers owed thier employees a duty to provide a safe place to work. Eventually, this duty was extended to providing safe employees, because the courts reasoned that a dangerous co-worker is comparable to a defective machine. (5) In the majority of successful negligent hiring/retention court cases the nature of the relationship between customer plaintiff and business defendant seems to drive the outcome. In cases in which plaintiffs have recovered, there appears to be a higher degree of duty or care required between business and it's customers because of the nature of the product or service provided. Fundamental to a negligence action is the existence of a duty owed by the defendant to the plaintiff ( See Bidar Vs. AM-FAC, Inc., 66Haw. 547, 551; 669 P. 2d 54, 158 {1983}.) A defendant owes a duty of care only to those who are foreseeably endangered by the conduct and only with respect to those risks or hazards whose likelihood made the conduct unreasonably dangerous. ( See Hulsman vs. Hemmeter Development Corp., 65 Haw. 58, 68, 647 P. 2d 713, 720 { 1982}.) Therefore, duty under the negligent hiring theory depends on forseeability, that is, "Whether the risk of harm from the dangerous employee to a person...was reasonably forseeable as a result of employment."( See Di Cosala vs. Kay, 91 N.J. 159, 450A. 2d at 516 {1982}.) Some examples of a higher duty of care include Landlord/tenant relationships, common carriers (railroads, airlines, ship lines), hospitals, and other patient care facilities and taxi services. Often when a negligent hiring complaint is initiated a simultaneous allegation is made of negligent retention. Negligent hiring allegations imply a preliminary error in terms of the hiring process ( See Ponticas vs. KMS Investments, 331 N.W. 2d, 907 {1983}.) This means that the employer should have known before hiring an individual that the person was unfit for employment. Negligent retention is an after-the-fact consideration (See Cherry vs. Kelly services Inc., 2d 463 {1984}) applying to the instances in which the employer becomes aware of the employee's unfitness after hiring him or her. Here the employer has an obligation to initiate an action to counter the person's unfitness, including retraining, reassignment, rescheduling or discharge ( See Cutter vs. Farmington, 498 A. 2d 316{N.H. 1985}.) For example, in Abbot vs. Payne et al (57 So. 2d 1156 {Fla. App. 4 Dist. 1984}) a negligent hiring and employment allegation was at issue. The focused action precipitating this case occured after the worker terminated employment. The case involved a customer who contracted with the Apollo Termite & Pest Control Co. to provide regular service in her home. Apollo assigned the co-defendant employee, Randall Payne, to provide service in Abbot's home. Abbot worked full time, so it was necessary for the pest control company to have access to her home while she was away. Therefore the company requested that Abbot provide a passkey. Because Payne would have the key and, therefore, independant access to her home, Abbot sought

Free Essays on ManMirror

â€Å"Oh would some Power the giftie give us To see ourselves as others see us! ‘It would from many a blunder free us, And foolish notion.† ~ Robert Burns The lyrics of â€Å"Man in the Mirror† sung by Michael Jackson, written to examine how one can make a difference, but a closer look into the concept of self- awareness really starts with the age-old question, â€Å"Who am I?† Johari’s Window is based on the principle that of all the things about us that exist can be found through positive and honest information. The theory consists of four windowpanes. This visual is monumental in grasping the true message of observation and trust, or does it? Johari’s first pane, â€Å"the arena,† embraces the notion that if I tell you about me and you tell me about you, this shared information is the basis for all our mutual dealings with each other. This comfort zone provides effective communication, by trusting, understanding and confronting issues â€Å"the arena† is maximized. The larger the area, the more it dominates negative panes in his window. The second pane believes that some information will be known to us but not to the people we deal with. This is the pane, better known as â€Å"Mask,† encourages us to engage in game playing, trickery, and the like. The larger this pane, the less chance we have of developing true relationships with others because such relationships are usually based heavily on trust. Pane three is potentially dangerous because there is information known by others, that we do not know about ourselves. Called the â€Å"Blind- spot,† we risk exposing weakness not known to us and can be exploited by others. Finally the forth pane, â€Å"the great unknown,† describes a special place that is secret. It is a source, for the most part, of personal creativity and other resources, which we may never have even suspected. Although one might see this theory as the least threatening, it real... Free Essays on ManMirror Free Essays on ManMirror â€Å"Oh would some Power the giftie give us To see ourselves as others see us! ‘It would from many a blunder free us, And foolish notion.† ~ Robert Burns The lyrics of â€Å"Man in the Mirror† sung by Michael Jackson, written to examine how one can make a difference, but a closer look into the concept of self- awareness really starts with the age-old question, â€Å"Who am I?† Johari’s Window is based on the principle that of all the things about us that exist can be found through positive and honest information. The theory consists of four windowpanes. This visual is monumental in grasping the true message of observation and trust, or does it? Johari’s first pane, â€Å"the arena,† embraces the notion that if I tell you about me and you tell me about you, this shared information is the basis for all our mutual dealings with each other. This comfort zone provides effective communication, by trusting, understanding and confronting issues â€Å"the arena† is maximized. The larger the area, the more it dominates negative panes in his window. The second pane believes that some information will be known to us but not to the people we deal with. This is the pane, better known as â€Å"Mask,† encourages us to engage in game playing, trickery, and the like. The larger this pane, the less chance we have of developing true relationships with others because such relationships are usually based heavily on trust. Pane three is potentially dangerous because there is information known by others, that we do not know about ourselves. Called the â€Å"Blind- spot,† we risk exposing weakness not known to us and can be exploited by others. Finally the forth pane, â€Å"the great unknown,† describes a special place that is secret. It is a source, for the most part, of personal creativity and other resources, which we may never have even suspected. Although one might see this theory as the least threatening, it real...

Formal analysis of Grey Lines with Black, Blue and Yellow Assignment

Formal analysis of Grey Lines with Black, Blue and Yellow - Assignment Example During this period, at was taken as a tool that would only talk about social issues and not political. Photos that were taken during this period were of celebration as the French Republic was now going to detach itself from the Britain rule and was going to start a new life. This photo seems to emphasize the significance of social responsibility that lead to equality. It is full of life and it is able to relish the remarkable sensations that life brings, the different line in the photo can be used to represent the fact that everybody should live life vividly and pass each stage with fulfilment. It can be related to this period as it portrays a symbol of hope as people move from the darkness towards light. The photo can be compared to the two as it is able to invite a number of interpretations. As opposed to the two, the photo can be used to project equality. The first photo shows some form of courage as the aeroplane is able to fly over a body of water which people are always afraid of. This can be compared to the photo that we are analyzing as the inside it is dark at the centre but the outside parts are bright. The second photo tries to show the presence of life across the road. This is an indication that one can achieve his goal only after a struggle. The color used in the two pictures is dark as opposed to the bright ones used in the photo being analyzed. The texture of the two photos seems to be rough while the one being analyzed is smooth. This artwork has been used to show meaning. It has been used to show creativity and is a symbol of appreciation. It can be used as a medium to pass a message depending on how the person interprets it. It is a picture that is communicating to us but without words or a voice. From this photo, it is evident that the artist was in a joyful state and that is why he used bright colors. The museum is most likely going to choose this piece because of the message that it is

Blowing In the Wind Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Blowing In the Wind - Essay Example From the overall study, the viability of the micro wind turbine market in the UK context is ascertained. Certain external environmental analysis based factors have revealed that there are some technological limitations which need to be corrected for the successful implementation of micro wind turbines in the market of Yorkshire. In addition, cost of micro wind turbines is also affordable and favorable for the households of the country. It can be convincingly stated that there is a huge opportunity in the area of micro wind turbines in regions such as Yorkshire in the UK. However, the business execution process needs to be properly channeled. A typical system of micro wind turbine on an uncovered site could simply produce greater power than the lights and electrical appliances used. Residential consumers of urban areas cannot use the traditional wind turbine technology because of a lack of reach. Researchers belonging to the Hong Kong University along with the Lucien Gambarota of Moto rwave Limited have formulated a micro-wind turbine technology named Motorwind, which is quite small for the domestic use in both urban and rural areas. Micro wind turbines are actually different from the large scale turbines in terms of its physical formation. Owing to the great results derived currently the business and residential properties are increasingly moving towards the micro wind turbines. In this regard, the Clean Energy Cashback Scheme provides tax free incentive support for the generation of renewable energy for the household use.

The Economy Of Delta State In Nigeria Economics Essay

The Economy Of Delta State In Nigeria Economics Essay Nigerian economy, at first was based mainly on agriculture; it exported agricultural products like cocoa, rubber, palm products, cotton, groundnut, hides and skin etcetera. But then oil was discovered in the south-south of Nigeria i.e. Rivers, Bayelsa, Edo and Niger Delta states, and agric production was abandoned. The essay question is What are the economic cost and benefits of oil industry in Delta, Nigeria? The objective of this essay is to find out what the economy cost and benefits of the oil industry in Delta state, Nigeria, and also I will examine just how the state has put up with the production of oil and also the effects i.e. the cost and benefits. 1.1 State Background Delta State is named after the delta region of the River Niger. Its capital is Asaba  [1]  . It is found in the south-south areas of Nigeria. Delta state consists of different ethnic groups like Urhobo, Igbo, Ezon, Isoko and Itsekiri but consist mainly of the Igbo people.Nigeria has a population of 151, 870, 000 people of which Delta state has a population of 4, 098, 291; the males are up to 2, 674, 306 while the females are up to 2, 024, 085  [2]  . Delta state is the second oil producing state in Nigeria after Rivers State, of which this oil production tends to be the most dangerous business in this economy. The local governments that produce oil in the Delta state are Warri North and South, Burutu, Isoko North and South, Ughelli North and South, Okpe, Ethiope East and West, Sapele and Ndokwa East and West  [3]  . The biggest oil refinery is found in Warri, which is a local government in Delta. 1.2 Map showing the location of Delta state in Nigeria: 4Delta State. 1.3 Research Methodology My process of research was divided into two methods; primary research and secondary research. 1.3.1 Primary Research My primary research involved The use of a questionnaire: The questionnaire was created addressing specific questions like; what has the government put in place to help the economy? and also what has the economy benefited from the oil production? A survey was used to get more personal information like; Government share of income and income of Petroleum Company. Interview was done; I interviewed the people living in the villages, the leaders of the town/villages. Asking them what the costs and benefits has been for oil production. I also interviewed employees from the Petroleum company (SHELL) I took pictures of the benefits from the oil production. 1.3.2 Secondary Research Secondary information was gained from the various websites, textbooks and articles. The information includes: a study of economic theory relating to externalities. Textbooks were used to get definitions. The internet was used to review other information that is relating to this topic. The reason for this is to see how this state is managing with its externalities. Internet was used to get background information on the state Internet was also used to get the cost of oil production in the state Images of the cost of oil production in the villages were gotten form the internet. The use of articles in the newspapers was used to get information on the current situation Problems Proposed Solutions Interviews and with the people in villages and the leaders of villages Language barrier Finding someone to help in translating. Interview with the employees of SHELL Release of private company information Use of other sources to get information like the radio, internet, newspapers etcetera Sharing of questionnaire and survey on land Riots in these areas were questionnaires were being distributed Go to areas where there is no riot to distribute questionnaires and do a survey.1.3.3 Possible difficulties and proposed solutions. 2 PRIMARY DATA ANALYSIS The employees and few people living in Delta were given questionnaires to find out certain information, about what the oil industries and the government have done with the economy from the benefit of oil production. The questionnaire was given to 20 employees at SHELL who were randomly selected from various departments and 20 people living in the economy. This section is showing the sets of results gotten from these individuals. Table 1: Results concerning responsibility by individuals in the community Issues Number of people Government Politicians Oil Industries Who do you think is responsible for the pollution in Delta? 20 2 0 18 90% of the people living in the community believe that the oil industries are the cause of the pollution which is right, and it is good to know that only 20% believe that the government is responsible which is not true. Table 2: Results concerning responsibility by SHELL employees Issues Number of people Agree Disagree Unsure Do you think it is your responsibility to make it right? 20 10 4 6 In the above pie chart 50% of the employees at Shell think it is their responsibilty to make things right in the economy that means they sould be able to stop the pollution the oil company is causing. This illustrates that half of the people in company are taking respnsibility for their actions. Table 3: Results concerning responsibility by the individuals in the community Issues Number of people Agree Disagree Unsure Do you think it is your responsibility to make it right? 20 5 7 8 40% of the individuals in the community are not sure whose responsibility it is to stop the pollution in Delta, 35% of the individuals dont think it is their responsibility to control pollution in the economy. This illustrates that most of the people in this community could be seen as ignorant since it is a few that are ready to take some responsibility to make things right. Table 4: Results concerning government action by the individuals in the community Issues Number of people Agree Disagree Unsure Is the government doing anything about the situation? 20 5 12 3 From the pie chart it has been shown that government is not taking action from the negative externality taken place in the state which is not good. From the primary data analysis it is seen that there are some problems Delta such as pollution etc and this is due to market failure. From the economic theory it is seen that if the marginal social benefits is > the marginal social costs or vice versa there would be market failure  [5]  . Market failure is due to the positive and negative externalities in the economy. The next section in this essay is going to state those economic cost and benefits of the oil production in Delta State. 3 INDENTIFICATION OF ECONOMIC COSTS AND BENEFITS. This section will contain the analysis of the economic costs and benefits in Delta state. There are a lot of problems in Delta state such as oil spills, waste dumping and gas flaring. The main problem in Delta is the oil spillage. The type of oil produced in the south-south is deep sea oil, which causes oil spillage and then leads to pollution; air, land and water pollution, the cause of this pollution has led to the damage of soil, water and air. The oil spills has caused farmers in the area not to fish and farm again because the pollution has spread in their sea and lands, thus thousands of people have been affected especially the poor people and those who rely on traditional way of living such as fishing and agriculture. But there are not only costs in the oil production there are also benefits in the fact that the state is making a lot of money in producing oil since oil is needed in a lot of countries. Externality occurs when the production or consumption of a good or service has an effect upon a third party  [6]  . If this effect is dangerous it can therefore be called a negative externality but if the effect is advantageous it is said to be a positive externality. Negative externalities bring about external costs and positive externalities bring about external benefits. The production of oil in Delta state can bring about both external costs and external benefits. 3.1 External Costs from Oil Industries. The people in the economy have endured oil spillage for years now. Oil spills are caused by corrosion of oil pipes, poor maintenance of infrastructure, and leaks during processing at refineries.  [7]  This oil spillage usually happens on the land and in the sea. The cause of oil spills in water is that, the oil has contaminated the water, so the fishes in the sea would die that means there wouldnt be any fishing or it would become poisonous and if it is poisonous when it is eaten the people in the economy would get ill. It could also harm the plants; plants could die because of oil spills and also animals that drink from the water. Also some places in Delta are not yet developed; in those places the people that live there usually have their bath in the sea so if they do that where the water has been affected the people could get skin disease. The oil spills on land would destroy crops; damage the soil the farmers use in farming for their family. The production of oil is making th e rich to get richer and the poor to stay poor and die of poverty. Gas flaring is when gas is burnt unsteadily. Gas flaring occurs when oil is pumped from the ground, this oil burnt then produces gas and the gas produced is burnt as waste in enormous flares. Thus the burning of this gas results to the damage of the environment, especially the areas which are nearest to the oil industries. The government and the industries have done nothing to stop the people from burning the gases and also they havent given any solution to the situation. People in that area are now having health problems; there would be air pollution thus leading to people inhaling chemicals that are not good for their health and sanitation problems; there would be water pollution, chemicals from the gas flare would make water dirty, that is the water the people in the area used to take their bath is going to affect their hygiene because the water would very dirty. The people in this area do not have money for medical bills and they do not have health insurance. The farms of these p eople living in this area have been destroyed so there is no other source of getting money to pay medical bills so this leads to the increase in death rate in that area. When oil is made from the industries, waste are also produced these waste are then dumped on the land and in the sea, thus destroying the environment and weakening the peoples right in their standard of living. The government have not tried anything to stop people from disposing this waste on the land and the sea, they have not realised that the sea has been contaminated by the various mixture of the oil and if they had they would have treated their water. These chemical substances in oil are very toxic and it can affect the people living in the area. People in this areas are dying of hunger, because their farms have been destroyed so there is nowhere else to get food from, farmers are now unemployed because their plants are dying so they have nothing to plant and sell to make money, hunters are also unemployed because the animals are dying due to them drinking water from the sea or eating plants that were poisonous. The children of these hunters and farmers cannot go to school again because there is no money to pay their school fees. Poverty hits these innocent people who depend on livelihoods Due to the negative impacts on the production of oil there have been a lot of complaints by the local communities, because of these complaints it has made some people from this community to become militants. Since the production of oil has caused poverty it has led some of these militants too undergo criminal acts like stealing the oil that has been produced; militants steal this to make money out of it, and also illegal bunkering of oil; that is shipping oil illegally to another country to make money without the consent of the government. Also another cause of militancy due to the production of oil is because the government, the industries and the politicians have refused to do something about the oil spillage, the government has not done anything to develop the state practically because they are gaining from the oil production and keeping the money to themselves; the people from the economy have watched these politicians, governments and the industries get richer so this now leads the militants among them in kidnapping the rich peoples children, there are also armed robberies; these militants rob the rich, and if people are being too aggressive when they are being robbed then the militants might kill them, so this could lead to death, they also take on fights with the Nigerian security forces; this makes the security force to fight back extremely and not considering the people in that area. Militants could go into fraud also known as 419 in Nigeria, they could do business that could cheat people and by cheating them, they could get money from them. All negative things are done because of the government, the industries and the politicians ignorance to the situation. Picture below shows gas flare at Ughelli West, Delta State, Nigeria. 8 Picture below shows the militants with their guns 9 Picture below shows damage of crops because of oil spills. 10 Figure 1: Diagram showing external cost of oil production in Delta State. Price of oil Welfare loss MSC MPC Negative externality P* a p1 Q* Q2 Quantity of oil. In figure 1, it shows that the marginal private cost of the industry is lower than the marginal social costs because of the pollution that was brought about when oil was produced, this pollution might have caused breathing problems for people and also poisoned food like fish. The industry would just be concentrating on its own private costs; because of this the industry would produce at Q1. At Q* marginal social cost is equal to the marginal social benefit resulting to a market failure. Too much oil is being produced at too low a price; this causes the misallocation of the societys resources. There is welfare loss i.e. where marginal social cost is greater than marginal social benefits. There are also negative externalities of consumption i.e. the pollution that is caused and how it affects the consumers. Negative externalities would make marginal social benefits less than the marginal private benefits. Figure 2: Diagram showing negative externality of consumption. Price of oil Welfare loss MSC P1 P* MPB Negative externality MSB Q* Q1 Quantity demanded. In figure 2 it shows that the oil industry keep on producing oil, and there is still oil spillage, they pay no attention to the negative externality they are creating, Marginal social cost becomes equals to marginal private cost. There is over-use of oil from Q* to Q1, there is also a welfare loss because Marginal social cost is greater than Marginal social benefits. It is difficult to reduce this pollution. First of all the costs of pollution are external in the sense that the cost of pollution are not paid for by the agents causing it, so there is no economic incentive in the market system to cause them to stop Second of all the people benefiting from the activities; those are the people producing the oil, they are causing pollution and imposing some costs on others. So the pollution needs to be reduced although the victims are meant to be compensated. 3.2 External Benefits from Oil Industries. The oil industries may have destroyed the communities in Delta but they have also made a lot of money for the state because of the production of their oil. As it is said above Delta state is the second oil producing state after Rivers state. The economy has benefited from the oil production. The money used from the oil production has been used for the improvements of infrastructural facilities such as construction of roads, bridges and provision of pipe borne water which benefits the villagers, increased use of electricity, better transport facilities and usefulness of petroleum products. The biggest oil company in the Delta state, The Shell Petroleum Development Company (Shell), a subsidiary of Royal Dutch Shell, is the main operator on land. Shell is located in Warri. Many Nigerians specifically those from Delta state are employees of Shell, working in an oil company means that those employees would be making a lot of money this means that there would be an increase in income per capita thus an increase in urbanization that means Delta would be more developed in the standard of living. Shell has provided a lot of benefits for the economy and for the workers. Such benefits is the provision of education for the children of the employees at the shell company, provision of houses, cars and also they pay for all the bills of the employees. Shell has contributed money to the construction of new private and public schools, schools for people of low and high classes. There are also schools for the residents of the state that is for those who could not afford to go to school. This is thus increasing the literacy rate in the economy. Educational competitions are organised and also sports to promote academic and physical excellence which benefit the individuals in the state. SHELL has also benefited from its own production of oil such as increased revenue from sales; their increase in production brings about huge profits to the company. There is also an increase in development in the SHELL Company; there is now advance technology like drilling equipment in which they can use to prevent or stop the oil spills. There is also an improvement in International relations such as an increase in production which has led to an agreement with oil consuming economies such as the United States and China. The oil company shell has tried to do its best in developing the economy but because of the corruption problems in Nigeria it affects the economy. The money used for infrastructure development has been taking by the government or the politicians for their own benefits. Pipe borne water that has been installed for the villagers has broken and the government take the money that has been giving to use it to fix it. Oil spills caused by the production of oil has spoilt the road, the money contributed by the economy to fix the roads has been stolen by the government. The public schools where children are meant to be going for free the government waste time in paying teachers their salaries, so these teachers go on strike and refuse to teachers these children, thus making the literacy rate unstable. There are benefits from the production of oil, but because of corruption by the government all the benefits are not taking place. If the benefits take place, there would be positive externalities because of the oil produced. Since there are positive externalities it means that the there would be welfare gain i.e. the marginal social benefit is greater than marginal social cost. The diagram below illustrates where the welfare gain is and that is between Q1 and Q*, it also shows that oil is produced at Q1 , if the production of oil is increased to Q* more welfare would be gained. Figure 3: Diagram showing positive externality. Price Welfare gain MPC P1 MSC P* MSB Q1 Q* quantity. Picture below shows an over-head bridge in Delta. Picture below shows house of a shell employee in Delta Picture showing a factory in Delta Picture below shows one of the good roads in Delta. 4 THE FUTURE This section is going to impose ways the government can control the negative externalities in the state. There are different ways the government can control these negative externalities but first of all the government should stop being ignorant and help the economy. If government stops being ignorant they can enforce laws to control and monitor pollution in the villages; introduce more national and marine; ensure that forestry companies re-plant trees; regulate use of contaminated land. Government can impose tax on oil companies to increase the private costs, if the government should do that the Marginal private would move upwards, there might still be welfare loss but it would be less than before. There should also be subsidies that is the amount of money paid by the government to a producer, it lowers the firms cost, these subsidies could be inform of grants, reduced taxation etcetera. With the money gotten from oil production government can use it to compensate victim of the negative externalities of oil production so that victims would not sue the offending firms. The government can pay damages to victims through free health coverage. Also since oil has now taking over the agricultural production which has caused the farmers and fishermen their jobs cause of the pollution, the government should build centers where they bring in professionals to teach them skills like mechanics, welding, painting, etcetera. If government cant find professionals they can encourage companies there to teach them the skills. If the government does this there would be fewer crises because those people would no longer be unemployed and there would now be less kidnapping, armed robbery, fraud etcetera. But if the oil industry continues with its act of polluting the environment the government should control their output in some way because it will not be possible to ban, if that doesnt work out the government could make new environmental laws and if the oil industry dont follow it then they would have to pay some amount of money since they have disobeyed the law, paying the money would increase their private costs. The diagram below shows the result if the oil industry has to pay tax. Figure 4: Diagram showing negative externality. MSC Price P* welfare loss MPC + tax P2 MPC P1 Q* Q2 Q1 Quantity of oil. Firms should also be able to help, at the moment in Delta state the oil industry that is really helping in the negative externalities in the economy is SHELL. Other firms should take part in helping and do things like changing its production of its techniques and operation like economizing on the amount of waste disposal from the oil production. Changing the materials used in packaging the oil, something that can be recycled should be used that it would be used again thus prevent burning of waste disposal. If government does this for the state there would a short term effect of pollution but in long term there will be no pollution. Therefore there would be less cost on the production of oil and also an increase in economy growth. But if government takes no action there would be a long term effect of oil production, and also a decrease in economy growth and an increase in the negative externalities of the economy. In conclusion it is only the government that has the power in stopping the increase of negative externalities in the economy especially if the industries do no take action, but if government takes no action and continues taking bribes or being corrupt the economy would therefore be suffering for the costs of oil production.

Bio Medicine Essay

Two Cathy Ann Wilson-Bates Western Governors University EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE & APPLIED NURSING RESEARCH EBP 1 Brenda Luther, PhD, RN January 25, 2012 Task Two Introduction: What I have learned about working with children in a chronic healthcare setting like dialysis is that they are resilient beings with the propensity for rapid changes in their medical condition. Children almost always surprise me in their unique description of symptoms and pain. Depending on their age, they may not be able to describe the symptoms they feel or tell me â€Å"where it hurts†. A simple ear ache may be described as a â€Å"drum in my ear† or may be observed with non verbal cues like tugging on the ear. Acute Otitis Media is seen quite often during the cold and flu season. Recent clinical guidelines suggest waiting twenty four to seventy two hours before beginning antibiotic therapy. Parents of children with symptoms of otitis media are accustomed to receiving a prescription for antibiotics before they leave the medical office. Adults as well are preconditioned for the little white slip of paper from their physician. Waiting twenty four to seventy two hours to evaluate the need for antibiotics will definitely reduce the over-prescription of antibiotics as well as their efficacy. The waiting and watching of several days may seem like an eternity to a parent caring for a sick and crying child. Educating parents during routine visits to the physician office about the risks of over-prescribing antibiotics will help when the physician needs to discuss the possibility of waiting and evaluating before prescribing antibiotics. Providing a list of comfort measures parents can follow may help relieve the anxiety they have in caring for a sick child. Any comfort measure taken to reduce crying is helpful to the parent of a sick child, but mostly to the child. The following table and paragraphs will share the results of how one group of nurses at an outpatient clinic used clinical evidence to manage this situation. Source |Type of Resource |Source appropriate or |Type of Research | | |general information, |inappropriate |primary research evidence, | | |filtered, or unfiltered | |evidence summary, evidence-based | | | | |guideline, or none of these | |American Academy of Pediatrics and American Academy of|Filtered |Appropriate |Evidence-based guideline | |Family Physicians. Clinical practice guideline: | | | | |Diagnosis and management of acute otitis media. | | | |Causative pathogens, antibiotic resistance and |Unfiltered |Appropriate |Evidence-based guideline | |therapeutic considerations in acute otitis media . | | | | |Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. | | | | |Ear, nose, and Throat, Current pediatric diagnosis and|General |Inappropriate |None of these | |treatment. | | | | |Treatment of acute otitis media in an era of |Filtered |Appropriate |Evidence –based guideline | |increasing microbial resistance. Pediatric Infectious| | | | |Disease Journal | | | | |Results from interviews with parents who have brought |Unfiltered |Appropriate |Primary research evidence | |their children into the clinic for acute otitis media. | | | | | | | | | Subcommittee on Management of Acute Otitis Media. (2004). American Academy of Pediatrics and American Academy of Family Physicians. Clinical Practice Guidelines: Diagnosis and Manegment of Acute Otitis Media. American Academy of Pediatrics , Vol. 13 No 5 1451-1465. This article is an evidence-based clinical guideline. It is a systematic review making it a filtered resource which is very appropriate for this situation. The article describes the current, (as of 2004) recommendations for the diagnosis and management of Acute Otitis Media (Subcommittee on Management of Acute Otitis Media, 2004). These guidelines show several different ways to treat acute otitis media depending on the symptoms of the child. It states that sometimes waiting to give antibioti cs is good and sometimes waiting to give antibiotics is not good. This article is appropriate and provides clarity on the topic. Block, S. L. (1997). Causative pathogens, antibiotic resistance and therapeutic considerations in acute otitis media. The Pediatric Infectious disease Journal , Volume 16 (4) pp 449-456. This article discusses antibiotic resistance and describes the bacterial pathogens which are responsible for infections causing acute otitis media. This article is appropriate. It contains a comparison of studies performed based on the different types of bacteria which cause acute otitis media. It stresses the importance of identifying the bacteria causing the infection before giving antibiotics so that number one the bacteria can be eradicated and other bacteria will not become resistant (Block, 1997). PE Kelley, N. F. (2006). Ear, Nose and. In M. L. W. W. Hay, Current Pediatric Diagnoisis and Treatment (pp. 459-492). Lang. This textbook source contains general information on the ear, nose and throat. There is much more information here regarding basic anatomy and physiology as well as characteristics of the ear nose and throat. The information regarding otitis media is basic and not an appropriate source of research in this situation for three reasons. Number one, the information is very basic, number two, it does not give any up to date information on how to treat this type of infection, and number three there is too much non-relevant information. McCracken, G. H. (1998). Treatment of acute otitis media in an era of increasing microbial resistance. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal , Volume 17(6) pp576-579. This article is a review of the known etiologies that may cause acute otitis media. The article gives up to date information on therapeutic approaches when selecting an appropriate antibiotic therapy. We don’t practice â€Å"cookie cutter† medicine. The same prescription is not always right for all patients or all communities where some bacteria’s may be more prevalent than others (McCracken, 1998). This is appropriate information for this group of people or community. media, P. o. (n. d. ). Interviews. (C. nurses, Interviewer) This set of interviews is simply raw data. General information can however provide great insight as to what is happening out in the community. For example, this information might shed light on the fact that if the parents are willing to hold off on antibiotics for example, would they be more likely to follow up and come back into the clinic when asked? The reaction of parents is dependent upon other several basic factors like finances, a belief system and possibly the ability to obtain transportation. Knowing how the community is going to respond to their choice may have a great effect on the decisions they make. When evaluating the findings of these sources cumulatively, one must first determine the causative pathogens infecting patients in this given community with acute otitis media. After pathogen determination we can determine which antibiotics may be most useful in eradicating the given bacteria. Careful selection of antibiotic therapy will reduce the propensity for antibiotic resistance. Watchful waiting may be a good thing from the perspective of increasing microbial resistance however we must always evaluate patients on their individual needs or on a patient by patient case. One size doesn’t always fit all. Patient education is the key to keeping the public informed of current practice. Physicians and Nurses need to be consistent in the lesson plan shared with patients and remain true to our scope of practice. Communication is essential between the physician, nurse and other multidisciplinary team members in order to provide the best care. There are many considerations in assessing if patients are able to withstand the waiting and evaluation period. Low income families are one example of how the waiting and watching method might not work. Parents may have to take time off work to come to clinic with a sick child. They might struggle finding money for the additional return trip to the clinic and may risk losing their job if they take more time off work. Many low income families may have already waited before seeking help thus creating their own watchful waiting period. They also may not be able to afford antibiotics and as a result may not give the full dose if symptoms have subsided. The perception is that they will save the medication for the next time symptoms arise. Confidentiality might be an issue in smaller communities. People tend to be concerned about neighbors and co-workers and some may not care to share their experience with others. This may be an issue for parents who don’t share custody as in the case of divorce. It is a greater issue when parents or partners don’t share the same fundamental values, especially those related to healthcare. Conclusion: Watchful waiting like the nurses in this clinic are looking at may be useful for some of the patients, but not all. Again, a one size fits all philosophy is not always appropriate in healthcare. Tools like algorithms may be helpful in determining the appropriateness for watching and waiting versus immediate action as determined by physical findings and social circumstances like parental adherence for follow up and ability to afford treatment. Whatever course you choose, watchful waiting or immediate antibiotics the best practice remains a plan of care based on the individual needs of our patients. References Block, S. L. (1997). Causative pathogens, antibiotic resistance and therapeutic considerations in acute otitis media. The Pediatric Infectious disease Journal , Volume 16 (4) pp 449-456. McCracken, G. H. (1998). Treatment of acute otitis media in an era of increasing microbial resistance. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal , Volume 17(6) pp576-579. media, P. o. (n. d. ). Interviews. (C. nurses, Interviewer) PE Kelley, N. F. (2006). Ear, Nose and. In M. L. W. W. Hay, Current Pediatric Diagnoisis and Treatment (pp. 459-492). Lang. Subcommittee on Management of Acute Otitis Media. (2004). American Academy of Pediatrics and American Academy of Family Physicians. Clinical Practice Guidelines: Diagnosis and Manegment of Acute Otitis Media. American Academy of Pediatrics , Vol. 113 No 5 1451-1465.

Netflix Leading with Data:What advice would you give to the CEO of Netflix Essay

Case: Netflix Leading with Data: The Emergence of Data-Driven Video Question: What advice would you give to the CEO of Netflix? Digital distribution market is undoubtedly the future of the video rental industry. Netflix has already taken a good lead in it but must have fresh ideas to keep its advantage in the industry. Beating its competitors in the domestic market is important, however, Netflix should jump out of its own circle into a new market to gain the first mover advantage. Looking at the global market, China is a good choice for Netflix’s next station. Using the Porter’s Five Forces model, Netflix can examine its advantages and disadvantages see whether entering China is good choice: * Bargaining power of customers China has a growing economy with a large group of new middle-class, who are able and willing to consume on entertainment. Nowadays, Chinese usually watch films on free websites with a low picture quality and slow Internet speed. While the number of people watching films are increasing, the picture quality is becoming more important for the viewing experience. Providing a fast, flexible and high-quality service, Netflix can persuade many customers into its subscription model. * Bargaining power of suppliers: China’s film and TV show makers have been facing a major problem: plagiarizing (including unpaid online watching), which substantially decreases their profits. They are finding a pathway to introduce their product to the customers. The advantages of plagiarizing products are the cheap prices and convenience, which Netflix can also provide. Netflix should cooperate with Chinese filmmakers to gain sources of authorized edition film databases and get a lower price since the Chinese filmmakers are eager to run out of the bad situation. * Competitive rivalry: Under the same business model, Netflix would be the first mover in the industry. Although China has few subscription service websites, this is only a minor part of the industry. * Threat of new entrants: The potential competitors have not released any big signals showing that they will enter this industry. Apple’s iTunes, as well as Amazon did poorly in China and have decided not to continue expanding. Netflix should cease this opportunity to enter and take China’s market. * Threat of substitute products: China’s online distribution market is dominated by â€Å"Youku†,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Tudou† such online video provider; however, their profit model is advertising fees, focusing on the quantity of visitors. With distinct service, it’s not hard for Netflix to occupy the market share. How to focus on the targeted group and how to persuade their potential customers, who used to enjoy cheap, even free resources online, to pay for a m onthly membership, is a big concern to the corporation. To emphasize Netflix’s higher quality service is of great importance. First, Netflix’s technology can help its members build up personal own style’s videos at high efficiency. Besides that, compared with the existing Chinese video websites, like Youku and Toudu, Netflix does not contain any advertisement before or after a movie. Those movies and TV shows posted on Netflix are mostly high definition displays, and customers would like to pay for the HD movies, rather than trying to understand a blurry image on other websites. Furthermore, Netflix’s new component called Friends allows movie buffs to share reviews and recommendations. In China, the website could cooperate with Douban, which is the largest and most influential film review website, and Renren, which is regularly called Chinese Facebook, so that Netflix could not only act as a video online leasing website, but also a social network website in China’s market. Beside the high-level quality, Netflix should offer a large quantity of movies, especially the movies from Hollywood. With the Chinese movie import policy, China only imported 55 movies in 2012. The number is comparatively small compared with the amount of movies that the Chinese audience demands. Netflix could take the advantage to offer more American movies online, which is under laxer regulation both on amount and the content examination, to gain the customers who are interested to watch more foreign movies. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Walker, Russell, and Mark Jeffery. â€Å"Netflix Leading with Data: The emergence of Data-Driven Video.† Kellogg (2010): 6. [ 2 ]. www.douban.com [ 3 ]. www.renren.com [ 4 ]. China Communication research center, SARFT. Website: http://www.sarftrc.cn/cn/ [ 5 ]. è µ µÃ¨â€œâ€°Ã¥ © §,Ã¥ · ¨Ã¦â‚¬ Ã¥Ëœâ€°. â€Å"ç ¾Å½Ã¥â€º ½Ã§â€ µÃ¥ ½ ±Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¥ ¼â€¢Ã¨ ¿â€ºÃ¥ ¯ ¹Ã¤ ¸ ­Ã¥â€º ½Ã§â€ µÃ¥ ½ ±Ã¥ ¸â€šÃ¥Å" ºÃ¥ ½ ±Ã¥â€œ Ã§Å¡â€žÃ§  â€Ã§ © ¶Ã¢â‚¬ 

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